Heliopolis "GelioPolis"
The Russian automotive industry.
GAZ M-20 "Pobeda" GAZ-20 Win - car sky rear of the car with a body of type "фастбек". Serially produced at the Gorky automobile plant (automobile plant them. Molotov) in 1946 - 1958. In the creation of this car took part And. A. Липгарт, Yu. Mr.. Сорочкин, N. Mr.. Мозохин, Str. With. Khlamov, over the body worked In. Samoylov, And. A. A. Kirillov, B. Kirsanov. The volume of the engine 2112 cubic cm. The capacity of 52 HP with a three-tier PPC without synchronizers (Later synchronizers appeared in the 2nd and 3rd gears). The maximum speed of 105 km/hour. In the result of laborious work of designers, flight of thought designers, and, of course, the resistance of the red Army, сдерживавшей the onslaught of the Nazis, in the difficult days of the war began to be born a new car, which was destined to carry the proud name of Victory. Initially the car was planned to call “home”. “Victory” was the name of the backup. Asked welcome from Stalin. “And how much is the homeland?” - screw up one's eyes asked the chief. And a machine called a Victory. How much is the victory of Stalin knew...
The rush when you start in a series of the best post-war car brought their normal results. Two years later, in October of 1948, after the issuance of the 1700 (on other data - 600) of automobiles, machine at the direction of the chief of the Communist Stalin was removed from production, and all of the already issued Victory (according to some sources) were returned to the factory for refining. Originally designed in two versions, six - and four-cylinder, the latter for a taxi, but later it was decided to leave only четырехцилиндровую version as a cost-effective - as provision with fuel and lubricants in the post-war country was difficult. Here is one of the main shortcomings of the «Victory» - the lack of capacity of the engine, the same as the four-cylinder GAS-M1 and considerably lower in comparison with the serial GAZ-11-73 (the upgraded version of «Emka» with a six-cylinder engine of GAS-11, 76 - 85 HP). Spending almost the same amount of fuel, how many midget Moskvich, the Victory went up to 50 km/h for 12 seconds - in two times faster. 
Given that the economic factor at the time was considered one of the most important, a big plus of the Victory was the possibility of use of low quality gasoline Soviet production with the utmost boiling temperature of 220 degrees (by world standards for cars of this class was required to gasoline boiling point 200-205 degrees). Did not stop the process of improvement of the machine. In 1950 gearbox with synchronizers and shift lever on the steering wheel replaced the old, with floor lever and without synchronizers (the old were the so-called “coupling easy insertion transfer”). Yes and in General, the old one was still from Emka.
Two years later, in 1952-m, the engine power was increased from 50 to 52 HP at 3600 rpm. The increase was achieved mainly due to the expansion of the channels in a gas pipeline supply of fuel mixture. With this engine Win the maximum went up to 105 km/h and reaches 100 km/h in 46 seconds. Curb weight of the machine was 1460 kg. With the opening of a new production of the Victory has appeared modification: GAS M-20A - taxi and GAS M-20B - cabriolet. Victory became the first car, massively sent for service in the taxi. The victory by successfully exhibited at international exhibitions and fairs for example, in the spring of 1950, in Poznan (Poland). And since 1951 the factory FSO, close to the Polish capital, the production of accurate copies of Victory under the brand Warsaw. The three-stage gearbox was originally performed on the basis of the boxes GAS-M-1, and had no synchronizers (their functions are partially performed the so-called «coupling easy insertion»). The lever was a floor. In the early 1950s brought a box of shift from «Winter»-and with the steering lever and clock generators on the II and III programmes.
The front suspension was carried out on the basis of the unit Opel Капитен», changes from the original are not too numerous, and reflected mainly in strengthening and simplification of the technological design.
The rear suspension was executed in the traditional for those years of the scheme (type «Hotchkiss») - with longitudinal springs and rigid beam bridge. Shock absorbers, as and to the front, were lever hydraulic.
The wheels had unusually large for those years width and had stamped disks without holes, held five nuts on the studs (American system, going back from the first car GAS).
The braking system for the first time in domestic practice the mass model was performed hydraulic. No servos or separators circuits was not provided for. The brakes were a drum, with one hydraulic cylinder in each of the brake drum.
Wiring system was performed 12-volt, in those years very many cars used more than a capricious 6-volt wiring. Range of electrical equipment in comparison with the previous models of GAS has increased considerably. For the first time in the domestic car of this class is provided as a standard equipment heater for the passenger compartment, paired with a blow of the windshield. Fan heater gave only the air to the windshield, in the salon, he walked by gravity, which considerably reduces the efficiency of heating. In this car for the first time have been implemented technical innovations that have become standard in modern cars. It is the «Victory» appeared electrical direction indicators and brake lights. For the first time on the machine appeared electrical windscreen wipers. In all the previous Soviet cars «windshield wipers were mechanical or pneumatic and speed of their work depended on the speed of the machine. The driver (and passengers) this machine has got the opportunity to travel in the winter without boots and toe loop and do not carry the bag with salt to clean glass - the машины.Появился heater of the interior («the»). Electric windscreen wiper and even a little thing like the interior lighting - all this has appeared for the first time on the Russian cars. In General, the «Victory» was at the time very comfortable cars. The popularity of the car was a huge, she outshone all the captured vehicles (primarily, German).
Soon it was time for development of virgin lands, and the designers of Gas performed a new social order - combined «Victory» with the already produced (and had the same engine), the GAZ-69. Analogues in the world of the «jeep» then had no...
Thus, at the stage came out first in the world of comfortable SUV. Even then, the envy of American автогигантам, a car «for the village» was not worse than Executive car. Now an ordinary collective farm Chairman traveled with the same comfort that and the higher Soviet military leaders. Because of the availability of spare parts from the GAZ-69, such machines and still live in the villages, engaging in heavy peasant and collective - farmer labor. By the way, the modification of the «Victory» (GAZ-M72) by all-wheel drive chassis GAZ-69 sample 1955, is, in fact, the world's first crossover - that is, four-wheel-drive passenger car of the raised passableness with the monocoque body.
GAS M20 "Victory" Aerosleds "North" '1960-1961 issued 100 aerosleds “North”
In 1959, the helicopter design Bureau Ni Kamov was developed by the car-aerosleds "North-2" (in the process of development of aerosleds, the figure “2” from the title of the lost). The serial car "Victory", mounted on skiing to aircraft engines AI-14 capacity of 260 HP has turned into a high-speed transport in the Northern regions of the country in the period of winter roads.
on may 9.
From the corner of the leaves lorry with транспорантом "For us the victory!"... and what would you think,
followed by the "Victory of the" GAZ-20...on the rear window of which the inscription "Thank you grandpa for victory"
