Heliopolis "GelioPolis"
Retro cars.
The Russian automotive industry.
SMZ S-3A A Moto stroller. This Moto stroller is the first четырехколесной in our country. They were called С3А, and after a small upgrade 1962 - С3А-M. It is on this vehicle moved Experienced with their friends ("Where the hell disabled?"). By the way, it is still called "Моргуновкой". The car, I must say, it is really very nice. Wings, wheels with wheel covers, installed on brackets headlights give him a bizarre appearance. In the free sale of motor carriages were not received, and distributed through the social security system. Such Moto wheelchair free of charge gave the veterans with disabilities. In 1958 on the conveyor Serpukhov motorcycle plant stood Moto stroller SMZ S-3A. It was produced from 1958 to 1970 (c 1962 produced in the modernized variant of the P-3АМ). In the car was first used motorcycle engine IZH-49 capacity of 8 HP. Then the power unit for the model WITH-3A became a two-stroke motorcycle engine IZH-49 (346 cm3, 10 h.p.) in the block with a four speed gearbox. The engine was mounted fan and shroud cooling of cylinder, electric starter. Moto carriage turned out very heavy (kerb weight 425 kg), insufficiently high passability (bus size of 5.00-10" and clearance in 170 mm), bad dynamics (maximum speed - up to 60 km/h) and high consumption of fuel (of 4.5-5.0 l/100 km). The first model of Serpukhov factory С1Л showed that three wheels and engine power of the motorcycle М1А for wheelchair micro car is not enough. In the middle of 50-s in the US created experimental samples of four-wheeled motor carriages with the more powerful мотоциклетными motors. 
On the development of the production of such vehicles the government of Khrushchev's funds are not allocated. However, took the front suspension of one of such models US-031, the designers of Serpukhov factory managed to create four wheel мотоколяску С3А, on the body and nodes of the rear suspension unified with the previous three-wheeled model.
Technology of production of the body С1Л and С3А did not differ is the skeleton of a fairly expensive pipes covered in sheet steel, and the transition to a new model is not demanded from the big efforts. The body was left open with canvas top, but the doors were metal. We cannot say that the two men were placed in him in adversity - the width of the salon С3А, no less than the other car and truck cabs. Unlike С1Л, four wheel motorcycle sidecar got the car, the steering wheel, but the location and operation of controls, designed for persons with disabilities without one or both feet, were significantly different from those of conventional cars. Two lights improved the appearance of the machine and the illumination of the road in the night. But the starter stayed with mechanical drive of a lever.
The engine of the motorcycle IZH-56 was more powerful than its predecessor, although on the dynamics and the maximum speed of the мотоколяска still significantly lost even the «Muscovite - 401» and « Adventures ». 
Torsion suspension from the US-031 in design repeated suspension of the car Volkswagen series, called «Zhuk», but for the first time in the USSR мотоколяска received a rack and pinion steering. Track width, front wheel С3А was larger than the rear. Themselves wheels were distinguished by the small size of 10 inches, as a scooter. To replace the damaged tire wheel could be removed by unscrewing the bolts, break in half.
The engine was mounted fan and shroud cooling of cylinder, electric starter. Weight motorcycles amounted to 425 kg in running order, in this case, it was a cross-country ability and high fuel consumption. Management motorcycle sidecar different from the usual control of the vehicle. The clutch and gas were made on the steering wheel, gearshift was on the usual for motorists place, but the speed was included as the bike - front-to-back. The green led on the panel told the driver, when enabled neutral. The only inconvenience was that the driver could not practically at any moment tear. With the «variations» of the SMP WITH THE somehow never happened... the Version with hydraulic shock absorbers of THE DEPUTY and adapted under the control of one hand and one foot SMZ-the CG can hardly be considered as independent modification of the basic model. All was made 203 291 car. 
On the one hand, for the «motorized wheelchair» P-3A was quite heavy (425 kg in bound form), time-consuming and expensive to manufacture because of the all-metal body with a spatial frame of хромансилевых pipes. On the other - under the «automobile» measures she has had a bad dynamics (the maximum speed of 60 km/ h), the lack of traction due to the small wheels and a low-thrust engine. The comfort and design of the open of the body is also left much to many of the best and perhaps the only advantage of the applied on the Moto-drawn carriage two-stroke motorcycle engine was the simplicity of the design; other indicators - power, fuel consumption (up to 5 l/ 100 km), durability, noise - does not withstand criticism. The electrical equipment was 6-volt, and battery, generator and starter were exactly the same as on my favorite "Moscvich-401". Since the engine was a two -, air-cooled, it was not a pointer of its temperature, or the pointer oil pressure in the system (it simply was not available). Fuel served as a mixture of gasoline and oil in a proportion of 1:20. It prepared just for 10 liters of gasoline added half a litre of oil. There were two engine muffler, pipes looking down at an angle, and had a small diameter. In childhood, we even tried to stop them carrots.
Transmission motorcycle sidecar, apart from motorcycle clutch and a four-speed gearbox, included the original main transmission with cylindrical gears and differential. The drive to her - a chain, as on a motorcycle. The main transmission was reverse to reverse. Accordingly, backwards as forwards, there were four transmission. The gear ratios of the multiplied at 1.8
4. So ago it was possible to go and on the second gear (on the first, of course, is more convenient). Interesting was the design of the drive axles. As hinges used elastic rubber coupling.
Suspension wheels. As already discussed, it was torsion, independent. Rear - on longitudinal lever. Front similar to the suspension of "Zaporozhets". In the early editions of the motor carriages installed friction dampers. In 1962, they were replaced by air.
Rack and pinion was quite simple and reliable. Tie rod on a design similar наконечникам "Moskvich-407". Brake. Drum, and on С3А-M, they had a mechanical drive.
The total simplicity and maintainability design partially had bathed her imperfection and low technical characteristics, made the car unpretentious in operation, the extremely low price of gasoline in those years, is not allowed notice the relatively high its consumption, and the main thing - with all its shortcomings, C-3A still fulfilled, though not perfect, functions laid on it, significantly easing the lives of people with disabilities.
